0908号台风“莫拉克”异常路径及其对台湾海峡两岸强降水的影响     

刘爱鸣  高珊 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):151-157

应用常规资料,结合雷达、卫星云图和其他观测资料,分析了0908号台风＂莫拉克＂异常路径及其对台湾海峡两岸强降水的影响.结果表明：（1）500 hPa欧亚中高纬度为两槽一脊的形势和东北区域大范围的正变高使副热带高压加强西伸,以及0909号热带气旋＂艾涛＂前身低压阻挡了副热带高压南落的共同作用,使＂莫拉克＂台风前期向偏西方向移动.（2）高空冷涡提供了有利于热带低压维持和发展的动力条件,热带低压的维持又对＂莫拉克＂的移动造成影响.（3）冷空气持续南下造成副热带高压减弱,并且在＂莫拉克＂台风北侧形成稳定低能区;高空冷涡引起其北侧中高层高度下降和东风引导气流减弱;在弱环流和多热带气旋的环境场下,以及热带风暴＂天鹅＂（0907号）、＂艾涛＂对＂莫拉克＂台风的反方向作用力等因素的综合作用,是＂莫拉克＂台风在台湾海峡移速异常缓慢的原因.（4）＂莫拉克＂台风在台湾海峡滞留时间长,其北侧强偏东风和南侧强西南风带来充沛的水汽,及迎风坡辐合抬升所产生的中小尺度系统是造成闽北、浙南和台湾岛南部强降水持续时间长、累计雨量大的重要原因.  相似文献   

基于遗传算法-支持向量机模型在热带气旋强度预报中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾锦荣  刘华强  刘向陪  吕庆平 《海洋预报》2011,28(3)

利用遗传算法对支持向量机(SVM)模型参数进行寻优,找到最优参数组合后代入SVM模型中,得到基于遗传算法的支持向量机模型(GA-SVM),利用此模型对热带气旋强度进行预报实验。该模型对热带气旋强度12 h、24 h和48 h的预报平均绝对误差分别为3.01 m/s、4.46 m/s和6.57 m/s;比最小二乘回归法的预报精度分别提高了12%、11%、14%。  相似文献   

辽东湾东部区块热带风暴设计增水的计算     

刘锦昆 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):21-25

以辽东湾东部区块出现的极值增水序列为例,考虑热带气旋过程出现频次的影响,采用泊松-最大熵复合极值分布进行了增水统计分析,计算得到辽东湾东部区块的增水重现值.最大100年一遇值为183cm,最大50年一遇值为158cm,皆出现于第1区块.由于受地形的影响,区块1、2与3的增水大小相似,区块4则略小.该结果对辽东湾东部区块...  相似文献   

福建省热带气旋暴雨突然增幅特征分析     

蔡义勇  王宏  郑秋萍 《湖北气象》2015,34(1)

利用2007—2013年福建省区域自动站和基本气象站小时降水观测资料,确定精细时空尺度上热带气旋暴雨突然增幅的阈值标准,分析暴雨突然增幅的时空分布特征及其与同期热带气旋之间的关系。结果表明:满足1 h、3 h和6 h暴雨突然增幅的热带气旋个例数随时间分辨率的降低而明显减少;3 h突增个例数主要出现在6—10月,且个例数和突增次数年分布总体呈上升趋势,突增次数日变化呈现"三峰型",高值区位于17—20时;暴雨突然增幅的热带气旋大多数在福建中南部沿海登陆,且不同的热带气旋中,强度较弱时发生突增次数较多,极值最大;暴雨突然增幅大多数发生在热带气旋登陆后24 h、距中心400 km内、西南方向,与登陆路径有关。对比分析了热带气旋登陆福建前后暴雨突然增幅的特征,发现登陆中部的热带气旋个数最多、暴雨突增次数也最多;热带气旋登陆后暴雨突增次数明显比登陆前多。  相似文献   

STATISTICAL AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF CONVECTIVE CORES AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TBB WITHIN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE CIRCULATION AND ITS INTENSITY     

曹钰  岳彩军  寿绍文 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(1):1-13

Based on the data(including radius of maximum winds) from the JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Center),the tropical cyclones(TCs) radii of the outermost closed isobar, TCs best tracks from Shanghai Typhoon Institute and the Black Body Temperature(TBB) of the Japanese geostationary meteorological satellite M1 TR IR1, and combining13 tropical cyclones which landed in China again after visiting the island of Taiwan during the period from 2001 to2010, we analyzed the relationship between the number of convective cores within TC circulation and the intensity of TC with the method of convective-stratiform technique(CST) and statistical and composite analysis. The results are shown as follows:(1) The number of convective cores in the entire TC circulation is well corresponding with the outer spiral rainbands and the density of convective cores in the inner core area increases(decreases) generally with increasing(decreasing) TC intensity. At the same time, the number of convective cores within the outer spiral rainbands is more than that within the inner core and does not change much with the TC intensity. However, the density of convective cores within the outer spiral rainbands is lower than that within the inner core.(2) The relationship described above is sensitive to landing location to some extent but not sensitive to the structure of TC.(3) The average value of TBB in the inner core area increases(decreases) generally with increasing(decreasing) of TC intensity, which is also sensitive to landing situation to some extent. At the same time, the average value of TBB within the outer spiral rainbands is close to that within the entire TC circulation, and both of them are more than that within the inner core. However, they do not reflect TC intensity change significantly.(4) The results of statistical composite based on convective cores and TBB are complementary with each other, so a combination of both can reflect the relationship between TC rainbands and TC intensity much better.  相似文献   

STUDY OF THE MODIFICATION OF MULTI-MODEL ENSEMBLE SCHEMES FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTS     

张涵斌  智协飞  陈静  王亚男  王轶 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(4):389-399

This study investigates multi-model ensemble forecasts of track and intensity of tropical cyclones over the western Pacific, based on forecast outputs from the China Meteorological Administration, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Japan Meteorological Agency and National Centers for Environmental Prediction in the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) datasets. The multi-model ensemble schemes, namely the bias-removed ensemble mean (BREM) and superensemble (SUP), are compared with the ensemble mean (EMN) and single-model forecasts. Moreover, a new model bias estimation scheme is investigated and applied to the BREM and SUP schemes. The results showed that, compared with single-model forecasts and EMN, the multi-model ensembles of the BREM and SUP schemes can have smaller errors in most cases. However, there were also circumstances where BREM was less skillful than EMN, indicating that using a time-averaged error as model bias is not optimal. A new model bias estimation scheme of the biweight mean is introduced. Through minimizing the negative influence of singular errors, this scheme can obtain a more accurate model bias estimation and improve the BREM forecast skill. The application of the biweight mean in the bias calculation of SUP also resulted in improved skill. The results indicate that the modification of multi-model ensemble schemes through this bias estimation method is feasible.  相似文献   

季风低压对台风生成影响的观测分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邱文玉  吴立广 《气象科学》2015,35(3):237-247

选取2007年和2009年发生的4个季风低压个例, 利用FNL资料和CMORPH卫星反演的降水资料, 采用多尺度环流分析法, 对西北太平洋季风环流的多尺度特征进行了分析, 研究季风低压对台风生成的可能影响。分析发现:季风低压生成于季风槽中, 其天气尺度波列的气旋性环流中。虽然以季风槽为特点的低频环流为台风生成提供大尺度气候条件, 但是季风低压通过进一步提供较大的正相对涡度, 可以有效减小Rossby变形半径, 促进热带低压中中尺度对流系统的相互作用和合并, 有利于台风的生成。  相似文献   

Influence of future tropical cyclone track changes on their basin-wide intensity over the western North Pacific: Downscaled CMIP5 projections     

Chao Wang  Liguang Wu 《大气科学进展》2015,32(5):613-623

The possible changes of tropical cyclone(TC) tracks and their influence on the future basin-wide intensity of TCs over the western North Pacific(WNP) are examined based on the projected large-scale environments derived from a selection of CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models. Specific attention is paid to the performance of the CMIP5 climate models in simulating the large-scale environment for TC development over the WNP. A downscaling system including individual models for simulating the TC track and intensity is used to select the CMIP5 models and to simulate the TC activity in the future.The assessment of the future track and intensity changes of TCs is based on the projected large-scale environment in the21 st century from a selection of nine CMIP5 climate models under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5(RCP4.5)scenario. Due to changes in mean steering flows, the influence of TCs over the South China Sea area is projected to decrease,with an increasing number of TCs taking a northwestward track. Changes in prevailing tracks and their contribution to basin-wide intensity change show considerable inter-model variability. The influences of changes in prevailing track make a marked contribution to TC intensity change in some models, tending to counteract the effect of SST warming. This study suggests that attention should be paid to the simulated large-scale environment when assessing the future changes in regional TC activity based on climate models. In addition, the change in prevailing tracks should be considered when assessing future TC intensity change.  相似文献   

Identification and analysis of high-frequency oscillations in the eyewalls of tropical cyclones     

CHEN Shumin  Youyu LU  LI Weibiao  WEN Zhiping 《大气科学进展》2015,32(5):624-634

High-frequency oscillations, with periods of about 2 hours, are first identified by applying wavelet analysis to observed minutely wind speeds around the eye and eyewall of tropical cyclones(TCs). Analysis of a model simulation of Typhoon Hagupit(2008) shows that the oscillations also occur in the TC intensity, vertical motion, convergence activity and air density around the eyewall. Sequences of oscillations in these variables follow a certain order.  相似文献   

影响辽东半岛两个台风Meari和Muifa暴雨环流特征的对比分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

梁军  李英  张胜军  刘晓初 《大气科学》2015,39(6):1215-1224

Meari(1105)和Muifa(1109)是两个路径相似并在辽东半岛产生强降水的热带气旋。但Meari强降水持续时间长,而Muifa时间短。利用中国气象局热带气旋年鉴、FY_2D(0.1°×0.1°)云顶亮温资料、大连地区逐时自动气象站降雨量资料、常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对两个台风影响辽东半岛的降水过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)Meari影响辽东半岛时强度较弱,但与低空东南急流相连获得丰富水汽供应,衰减缓慢;Muifa影响时强度较强但与低空急流水汽通道快速断开而衰减迅速。(2)两个台风均进入西风槽区而变性,但两者影响辽东半岛时处于不同的变性阶段。Meari为半冷半暖结构,其北侧中尺度对流活动发展旺盛,非对称结构明显;Muifa低层环流已变性为冷中心,云系结构孤立且无发展。(3)两次过程中辽东半岛位于台风不同的对流发展区域是其降水强度差异的原因之一。辽东半岛位于Meari北侧,低层的水平辐合较强,水平风垂直切变较大,深厚的上升运动维持;Muifa影响下辽东半岛位于其西侧,受偏北风下沉气流控制,不稳定度和动力抬升条件减弱。  相似文献